Data Sources & Methodology

The formula

Certificates to surrender (tCO2e) = net mass (t) × specific embedded emissions (tCO2e/t) × CBAM factor (%). Estimated cost = certificates × certificate price (€/tCO2e). Results show a ±20% price-sensitivity band.

What is official and what is an example

The factor schedule per year follows Regulation (EU) 2023/956. The certificate price and per-goods intensities in the tool are editable examples: prices change weekly and intensities vary by installation — the UI labels them as examples and links to the official pages. We deliberately do not present any number as an official default.

Sources

• Regulation (EU) 2023/956 — the CBAM Regulation

  Covered goods, certificate mechanics, and the free-allocation phase-out schedule (CBAM factor) applied by the year selector.

  Implemented from the regulation

• European Commission — CBAM overview

  Covered sectors, definitive regime from 1 January 2026, guidance pages.

  Cited

• European Commission — CBAM certificate price

  Weekly average EU ETS auction price used for certificates. Enter the current value in the price field — the tool ships an example default of €75/tCO2e.

  Manual input, official link provided

• CBAM default embedded emissions values (legislation annexes)

  Official per-goods default intensities. The tool’s per-category intensities are clearly-labelled examples for seeing the mechanics — replace them with official defaults or verified installation data before commercial use.

  Example values in tool; official values linked

Update cadence & limitations

CBAM implementing rules continued to evolve through the 2025 simplification package (including a 50-tonne de minimis exemption for small importers). We review this page against official publications periodically, but the tool is an estimator: verify against current EU law before relying on any figure.